Harris Tweed® weaves next-generation technology into centuries-old craft

Harris Tweed®, the world-renowned Scottish textile brand, is harnessing cutting-edge industrial 3D printing technology to bring a new lease of life into its traditional weaving machines, helping to future-proof the craft for years to come.

By law, Harris Tweed® can only be handwoven in the homes of weavers across the Outer Hebrides, preserving a craft passed down through generations. However, the complex design of the looms means replacement components can take up to six months to source, often forcing weavers to borrow parts from fellow artisans or modify their looms themselves to keep them running.

In response, The Harris Tweed Loom Spares Co. has partnered with the National Manufacturing Institute Scotland (NMIS), operated by the University of Strathclyde and part of the High Value Manufacturing (HVM) Catapult, to create a new loom assembly design that incorporates 3D-printed parts to improve accessibility.

Applying advanced reconditioning techniques, engineers at NMIS’s Digital Factory in Renfrewshire tested a range of materials to produce durable, high-quality loom components. One key assembly, previously made up of seven individual parts, was redesigned into three additively manufactured components using a strong composite material. The new 3D-printed version costs 99% less than the original and, using a low-cost desktop machine, can be produced locally in as little as two hours.

Weavers have long been known for their ingenuity in keeping their looms running. John Bennie, for example, went so far as to modify his loom by repurposing the flywheel from a Ford Ka and attaching it to his loom to improve its performance.

John said: “When a vital part of the loom breaks, it can halt production for weeks, which is incredibly frustrating. Finding a way to keep the loom running smoothly is essential, and it’s been great to be one of the first to try out the new 3D-printed assembly. The ability to get what we need, when we need it, will make a huge difference, as it means we can minimise downtime and focus on our work without unnecessary interruptions.”

Harris Tweed fabric is exported to more than 60 countries worldwide and the iconic textile has been used by some of the biggest names in fashion, including Dior, Ralph Lauren, and Vivienne Westwood.

Kelly McDonald, operations manager at The Harris Tweed Authority, said: “We take pride in our craftsmanship and tradition, but we also know that innovation is vital for keeping our industry strong for the generations to come. Working with NMIS is a significant step forward in future-proofing the looms critical to the production of Harris Tweed®. With the ability to replace parts quickly, easily, and affordably, our weavers can focus on what they do best without worrying about delays. This not only safeguards the future of our fabric but also supports the livelihoods of the island community who dedicate their skills to preserving the craft.”

Although the initial phase of the project is complete, weavers continue to test and refine the new parts. Since each loom has been individually modified over time, developing universal components remains a challenge. The ultimate goal is to create adaptable parts that can be easily fitted while maintaining the integrity of the traditional weaving process.

Andrew Bjonnes, research & development engineer at the NMIS Digital Factory, added: “This project really showcases how modern manufacturing can boost traditional industries and help preserve valuable heritage skills. With additive manufacturing, we’re promoting self-sufficiency and giving weavers a smart, cost-effective, and user-friendly way to keep their looms up and running. It has been an incredibly rewarding project, making a tangible difference and allowing weavers to concentrate on their craft instead of worrying about equipment failures.”